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Manuherikia Group
The Manuherikia Group is a fluvial-lacustrine sedimentary fill in the Central Otago region of New Zealand. The area consists of a valley and ridge topography, with a series of schist-greywacke mountains at roughly ninety degrees to each other. The Manuherika Group occurs in the current basins, and occasionally on the mountains themselves.
== History ==
One of the earliest geologists to work in the area McKay.,〔McKay, A. 1897: "Report on the Older Auriferous Drifts of Central Otago." 2nd Ed. N.Z. Govt. Printer.〕 understood that the Manuherikia Group was probably originally continuous. Although some workers came to believe the sediments were deposited in a series of small, interconnected basins between the mountain ranges, e.g. Park,〔Park, J. 1906: The Geology of the Area covered by the Alexandra Sheet. N.Z. Geol. Surv. Bull. n.s. 2.〕 later workers, like Cotton〔Cotton, C. A. 1919: Problems presented by the Notocene beds of Central Otago. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology 2: 69-72.〕 argued that the sediments had been isolated by later mountain growth. Douglas〔Douglas, B. J. 1986: Lignite resources of Central Otago. New Zealand Energy Research and Development Committee Publication P104: 367.〕 placed the Manuherikia Group sediments into a coherent genetic context. He drew attention to Manuherikia Group sediments on the top of mountain ranges, and to the observation that sequences in distinct basins were similar. His conclusion was that the Manuherikia Group is the result of sedimentation in a single (except for the earliest stages), very large basin, that was later intruded by the growth of the mountain ranges. This basin ultimately grew into a single, huge lake – Lake Manuherikia, that extended over some 5600 km2.〔Douglas, B. J. 1986: Lignite resources of Central Otago. New Zealand Energy Research and Development Committee Publication P104: 367.〕
Palynological work by Couper,〔Couper, R. A. 1953: Upper Mesozoic and Cainozoic spores and pollen grains from New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Palaeontological Bulletin n.s. 22: 77.〕〔Couper, R. A. 1960: New Zealand Mesozoic and Cainozoic plant microfossils. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin 32: 88 pp.〕 Mildenhall,〔Mildenhall, D. C. 1989: Summary of the age and paleoecology of the Miocene Manuherikia Group, Central Otago, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 19: 19-29.〕 Mildenhall and Pocknall〔Mildenhall, D. C. & Pocknall, D. T. 1989: Miocene-Pleistocene spores and pollen from Central Otago, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Palaeontological Bulletin 59: 1-128.〕 has indicated that the Manuherikia Group is basically Miocene in age. The plant macrofossils, common in the lower Manuherikia Group, are mostly Early Miocene, perhaps with some in the earliest Middle Miocene.
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